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Abstract: The subject of certification and standards is vast, complex and at the same time topical, so the best is to begin by clarifying the terms. A “standard” by definition is a set of guidelines that helps organizations to develop, manage and control everything, from processes and products to services and systems. These guidelines meet specific requirements in areas such as efficiency, quality and safety. On the other hand, the certification is the process that verifies whether an organization, product or tourist service meets the specific standards of providing a written guarantee (the commercial logo), the latter representing a good way to allow customers to identify products that deliver higher quality service levels. At the same time, it participates in increasing the confidence in ecotourism products both nationally and internationally, but also in promoting the concept and principles of ecotourism at local, regional and national level; it contributes to the sustainable achievement of destinations and to the growth of shared knowledge with regard to a certification system, resulting in the benefits brought by it. In order to certify an organization, product or tourist service that meets certain standards, accredited third-party certification bodies must verify that the requirements are met through an audit process. Only after the successful completion of the audit process, an official certificate of an organization can be issued, and the admitted company agrees to maintain the systems according to the standard requirements of the continuous improvement. But why do you need to submit to the certification process activity and to all its expenses? What are the benefits of a company or its customers? The third-party certification shows to current and potential customers that an organization is committed to quality and has taken enough time to build and maintain a culture in its processes to give customers the same thing, i.e. the quality of the travel product.
Abstract: The current study aims to assess the importance of the Jewish cultural heritage in the city of Oradea, Bihor County, Romania, an emerging and highly dynamic tourist destination. This synagogue was revealed as the most representative building pertaining to the Jewish cultural heritage was revealed based on a survey applied to the central public authorities, tourists and the local population. As a result, the Sion Neologue Synagogue stood out as the most representative of the Jewish identity heritage in a proportion of 90%, while 96% of the respondents replied that it is the most important tourist site of the city altogether, especially after its rehabilitation works. Among the other listed buildings, the Sion Neologue Synagogue was selected by the interviewees based on its uniqueness and novelty features, trimmed up in an eclectic style, imbued with Art Nouveau ornamentations.
Abstract: Starting from the new education paradigm, which relies on constructivist and contextual approach, this paper will specify the tourism potential of the Djerdap National Park, which should develop young people’s skills for sustainable development. The main objective of this paper is to use the holistic approach, the analysis of tourism resources, their educational potential and types of educational tourism in the Djerdap National Park to emphasize the insufficiently utilized educational potential. This could help children and young people acquire knowledge, skills and develop their personality by promoting learning through experience, direct contact with the things they are learning about, research and project approach. The results of this study indicate the need to create educational programs for all ages, to improve accommodation capacities as well as educational materials, to better educate the guides on how to conduct ambient learning, project and research activities for all age groups. Emphasizing the importance of educational tourism, which could help education for sustainable development, the paper underlines the need for support from state level with promotion, activities, projects and sharing best practices.
Abstract: The paper addresses a problem of great importance for Romania, that of the international migration that is in a continuous process of exacerbation after the collapse of the communist regime, but with important spatial differences. The analysis of the situation has led to the need for a series of spatial representations to highlight the typology and structure of migratory flows across the country in the post-communist period, as well as changes in direction or intensity. In almost three decades, more than 550,000 people emigrated from Romania, while almost 240,000 were temporarily abroad in 2017, according to official statistics, but in fact, their number is much higher. The international migration of Romanians has particular characteristics, with four distinct periods, characterized by demographic characteristics and specific territorial distribution. Overall, a mutation of emigrant areas from the west and centre of the country is noticeable after the fall of communism to the eastern and southern regions in recent years, with predominant involvement of young adults.
Abstract: Soil pollution is a major problem in China. This paper de-scribes the policies that the government has undertaken to remedy the situation, by either preventing additional pollution, or reducing the existing pollution levels. First, China is honing the legal framework to protect arable lands, control sources of pollution, and assess, manage and clean up polluted sites. Second, the government has made steps to improve the identification and monitoring of pollution sources. Third, the government has promoted chemical and biological technologies to lower the level of soil pollution. In spite of these efforts, there are still considerable challenges. First, China has considerable economic, social, and environmental diversity, so uniform top-down designed policies are likely to face considerable problems in many areas. Second, the local institutions trusted with the soil pollution cleanup have little understanding about clean soil standards, the right technology for soil inspection and treatment, and the management strategies for vast areas of land. In addition, the costs of cleaning up the land are staggering, with estimates ranging from CNY 6 to 11 trillion, with little potential for cost recovery from soil rehabilitation.
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