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Climatology

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Volume XX |
Climatology

Ecoclimatic characteristics of the south-western slope of the Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria)

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Abstract: The paper characterizes thermal and humidity conditions within one of the insufficiently investigated parts of Bulgaria from the climate point of view, namely the south-western slope of the Pirin Mountains. The initial data for the study (monthly temperatures and precipitation amounts) were obtained from our own meteorological monitoring station for the period 2013-2021, organized by the Department of Climatology, Hydrology and Geomorphology, Sofia University, Bulgaria. By the calculation of Mayr tetratherm (MT), monthly De Martonne aridity index (Im) and Compensated Summer Ombrothermic index (CSOi) the predominance of humid conditions in the studied area is established. There is a large inter-annual variability of the De Martonne aridity index and the Compensated Summer Ombrothermic index, which are more influenced by precipitation than air temperature in the middle part of the mountains. On the other hand, in combination with low precipitation amounts, high temperatures in recent years have contributed to the manifestation of arid features of the climate. The results of the study supplement the insufficient information about the bioclimatic characteristics of the Pirin Mountains and clarify the peculiarities of the climate in these mountains, which have two clearly distinguishable macroslopes with west-southwest and east-northeast exposure.

Keywords: , , ,
Full article 10.5775/fg.2021.046.dDates:
Received: 21-01-2021 Accepted: 01-07-2021 Printed: 30-12-2021 Online: 14-02-2022
Affiliations:
  • 1 Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Climent Ohridski”, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 15, Sofia 1504, Bulgaria
  • 2 Geography Department, University of Craiova, str. Al. I. Cuza, no. 13, 200585
Corresponding author:
  • nina@gea.uni-sofia.bg
Citation:
APA 6 | Harvard 2008 | Turabian 6 | MLA 7
RIS | BibTeX
Acknowledgements: This work has been carried out in the framework of the “Environment under climate change in the Pirin Mountain“, contract N ДН 14/6, 13.12.2017, financed by National Scientific Fund, Ministry of Education and Science – Bulgaria.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Forum geografic.
Provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License.
Open Access article.
Volume XIX |
Climatology, GIS and Remote Sensing

Agriculture drought assessment based on remote sensing, cloud computing, multi-temporal analysis. A case study: the Mostiștea Plain (Romania)

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Abstract: Agricultural drought is one of the most important natural hazards worldwide, affecting a significant proportion of the global population. Earth Observation multi-spectral imagery satellites can provide a comprehensive picture of all land and sea areas of the Earth. Free of charge and open access imagery from missions such as Sentinel-2 provides high quality imagery with rapid high revisit period. Earth Engine© developed by Google Inc. provides the possibility to view and analyse petabytes of remote sensing data in archives that include more than thirty years of satellite imagery and scientific datasets. This paper proposes a cloud- based computation approach and analysis of multi-temporal, high resolution Sentinel-2 imagery on the Mostiștea Plain (Romania) in order to evaluate the agriculture drought. Custom javascript code was created in the Code Editor for calculating and analyzing remote sensing-based indices between 2017 and 2019. The results were classified into six classes: Water, No drought, Light drought, Moderate drought, Heavy drought, Severe drought. According to the classification, the southern half of Mostiștea Plain was the most affected area by a heavy agricultural drought during 2017-2019 period.

Keywords: , , ,
Full article 10.5775/fg.2020.094.dDates:
Received: 11-08-2020 Accepted: 30-11-2020 Printed: 30-12-2020 Online: 01-03-2021
Affiliations:
  • 1 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Department of Geomorphology-Pedology-Geomatics, Nicolae Băl-cescu 1, 010041, Bucharest, Romania
  • 2 Romanian Space Agency, 21–25 Mendeleev Street, 010362 Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author:
  • andi.lazar@drd.unibuc.ro
Citation:
APA 6 | Harvard 2008 | Turabian 6 | MLA 7
RIS | BibTeX
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Forum geografic.
Provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License.
Open Access article.
Volume XIX |
Climatology

Climate aridity in southern Bulgaria for the period 1961-2015

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Abstract: The climate change on a global, regional and local scale is one of the largest problems indicated by the 21st century studies. Some of the major climate changes on the Balkan Peninsula, and in particular in Bulgaria, are related to rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation, which leads to drought and climate aridity. The present study focuses on the investigation of the climate aridity in the non-mountainous part of Southern Bulgaria in order to assess the aridity condition in temporal and spatial scale. The main investigated period is 1961-2015 and the reference periods are 1961-1990 and 1986-2015. The aridity is analysed on the basis of monthly data for air temperatures and precipitation from eight meteorological stations by calculation of De Martonne aridity index and Emberger Index. The survey shows that in all the analysed meteorological stations in Southern Bulgaria there are periods which display characteristics of the semiarid or arid climate. The aridity is well-expressed in the southwest part of Bulgaria (station Sandanski) and the western part of the Thracian lowland (station Plovdiv). Despite the aridity conditions established in the investigated region the tendencies in multiannual variability of De Martonne and Emberger indices show decreasing of aridity during the last 30 years (1986-2015) of the investigated period.

Keywords: , , , ,
Full article 10.5775/fg.2020.010.iDates:
Received: 03-03-2020 Accepted: 25-04-2020 Printed: 30-06-2020 Online: 16-10-2020
Affiliations:
  • 1 Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Climent Ohridski”, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 15, Sofia 1504, Bulgaria
Corresponding author:
  • nina@gea.uni-sofia.bg
Citation:
APA 6 | Harvard 2008 | Turabian 6 | MLA 7
RIS | BibTeX
Acknowledgements: This work has been carried out in the framework of the National Science Program "Environmental Protection and Reduction of Risks of Adverse Events and Natural Disasters", approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers № 577/17.08.2018 and supported by the Ministry of Education and Science (MES) of Bulgaria (Agreement № Д01-322/18.12.2019).
Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Forum geografic.
Provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License.
Open Access article.
Volume XVIII |
Climatology, Geomorphology

Climate parameters relevant for avalanche triggering in the Făgăraș Mountains (Southern Carpathians)

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Abstract: The climate conditions may contribute significantly to the generation of several hazards in mountain areas, such landslides, wildfires, flash floods and avalanches. This study examines the variation of the main meteorological parameters with impact on avalanche triggering conditions at Bâlea-Lac Meteorological Station. At the best of our knowledge, this is the first overview of the basic climate parameters which are potentially avalanche triggers in the Făgăraș Mountains (Southern Carpathians). The study is based on data from only one weather station (Bâlea-Lac) from the period 1979-2017, assuming it is consistently relevant from climatic point of view for avalanche occurrence in the area. The results demonstrate that the theoretical circumstances for avalanche triggering (e.g. snow pack, fresh snow or wind) can be captured. This paper briefly describes the nivologic monitoring system run by the National Meteorological Administration and emphasises its utility for avalanche forecasting and alerts.

Keywords: , , ,
Full article 10.5775/fg.2019.014.iDates:
Received: 20-09-2018 Accepted: 25-03-2019 Printed: 30-06-2019 Online: 26-01-2020
Affiliations:
  • 1 National Meteorological Administration, Romania
  • 2 University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
Corresponding author:
  • narcisa.milian@gmail.com
Citation:
APA 6 | Harvard 2008 | Turabian 6 | MLA 7
RIS | BibTeX
Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Forum geografic.
Provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License.
Open Access article.
Volume XVIII |
Climatology

Tracing the development of weather radar technology in Romania and worldwide

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Abstract: Almost 90 years from the radar invention, the radar technology has evolved enormously and today it presents itself as an instrument of great importance in various research areas (meteorology, aviation, astronomy, air-ecology etc.). The main objective of the article is to identify the periods of development at the global level and also in Romania, as well as to identify the technology of most operational weather radars today. The article is based on publications from international journals and scientific books, covering the period of 1930-2018. The overview presentation demonstrates the reasons today’s weather radar is a powerful tool for studies concerning the atmospheric precipitations prediction, wind speed and direction, rainfall risk assessment and implementation of weather forecasts. Knowing the technological development is needed for the construction of the new generation radar and for exceeding the actual limits with regard to the accuracy of the radar data and the limits of observation. The purpose of this article is to summarize the evolution of the weather radar, with emphasis on the first experiments carried out during the analogue and digital period.

Keywords: , , ,
Full article 10.5775/fg.2019.031.iDates:
Received: 02-09-2018 Accepted: 25-11-2018 Printed: 30-06-2019 Online: 26-01-2020
Affiliations:
  • 1 Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, University of Craiova, St. A.I. Cuza, No.13, Craiova, Romania
Corresponding author:
  • antal.allexandru@gmail.com
Citation:
APA 6 | Harvard 2008 | Turabian 6 | MLA 7
RIS | BibTeX
Acknowledgements: I hereby express my gratitude to Dr. Sorin Cheval ("Henri Coandă" Air Force Academy, Brașov, Romania) and Dr. Bogdan Antonescu (National Institute for Optoelectronics, Bucharest, Romania) for their valuable comments and recommendations towards the improvement of this manuscript.
Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Forum geografic.
Provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License.
Open Access article.
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