Abstract: The territory of eastern Serbia is characterized by a variety of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks formed through different paleogeographic developments. As a result of varied natural conditions, the region is vulnerable to various geohazards, such as earthquake, landslide, excessive erosion, flood, rockfall, cave collapse and subsidence. The occurrence of any geohazard depends on the intensity of the process causing it. An assessment of each type of hazard or combination of all hazards is necessary for this region of Serbia which accommodates major power-generation, industrial and mining facilities and has rich mineral resources. Depopulation of eastern Serbia reduces the ability of local communities to invest in the hazard control works. This assessment of the geohazards begins with the reference to the available seismic maps and proceeds with the research in the landslide, potential flood and excessive erosion hazards, then rockfall and rock collapse. Research results suffice to prepare a generalized geohazard map of eastern Serbia showing areas vulnerable to particular natural hazards and to estimate a total area endangered by hazardous processes. The purpose of this work is to locate and classify areas of potential hazards on which future protective actions may be based.

Abstract: Geomorphologic mapping is an important fact in many research studies and the traditional methods are time consuming and expensive. This paper aims to develop a semi-automated rule-based method for the detection of glacial cirques for a test area located in the Ţarcu Mountains (Southern Carpathians) in an object-oriented approach. In this study we have established the morphometric characteristics of the glacial cirques developed in a particularly geomorphologic context at the edge of planation surfaces, using a 10 m horizontal resolution DEM (Digital Elevation Model). The parameters extracted from DEM (i.e. curvature) were further used in segmentation and classification process. Also, other factors were introduced in the rule set, as the context regarding neighboring objects like planation surfaces to the target class. The most important factor in segmentation was the curvature and to choose an appropriate scale factor we have used the available ESP (Estimation of Scale Parameter) tool. The results achieved were very close to the field reality, except for some areas where there are large negative landforms such as gullies and torrents, which were identified as objects belonging to glacial cirques class and also some roches moutonnées with high positive curvature values, objects that could be filtered manually by the user based on previous field knowledge and ancillary data such as orthophotoplans and the geomorphologic map of glacial relief in the Ţarcu Mountains. For further research, we intend to identify the characteristic thresholds for morphometric parameters that can be integrated in a set of rules in order to detect and classify other type of landforms in the alpine domain of the Ţarcu Mountains.

Abstract: The glacial modeling has created two well individualized geomorphologic landscapes in the Transylvanian Alpes: Borăscu, characterized by the large extension of the platform and high peaks, and Făgăraş, where cirques were multiplied and have developed until they reduced the platform to a very sharp ridge (gipfelflur). The layout of the main ridge on the West-East direction and the overall morphography of the two slopes, the northern one short and steep and the southern long, with gentle slopes, were also reflected in the way of development of glaciers in the Quaternary. In the Vâlsan basin there are distinguished some particularities of the glacial landform. Thus, the glacial landform of this sector of the Făgăraş Mountains is characterized by a small steep (200-300 m) which favored the development of a long glacial valley with gentle slopes and led to the forming of the moraines at the glacial valley floor. The Vâlsan glacial cirque is at 2300 m altitude, is small and has small lakes. The bottom of the cirque is flat and is predominantly grafted on mica-schist and gneisses. The Vâlsan glacial valley is North-South oriented and has several glacial thresholds. The slopes surrounding the Vâslan valley are symmetrical, being affected by torrents and avalanches. Other characteristic landforms are: narrow glacial crests, glacial replats ridges, nunataks and moraines. The frost wedging caused the residual relief represented by sharp ridges, peaks, landforms of accumulation, debris cones, glacis, stone arches, protalus ramparts. Overall, the Vâlsan glacial valley is a typical valley where the intensive post-glacial processes have hidden most of the features resulting from the glaciers action, which kept the characteristic „U” shape and the glacial replats appear from place to place under glacises and rock debris.

Abstract: The Doamnei River basin, situated on the southern slope of the Făgăraş Massif, is a proper field to study the glacial landforms, because it preserves the two types of glacial landscape identified by Emm. De Martonne even since 1907 for the Meridional Carpathians: the Făgăraş glacial landscape (typical alpine landscape) and the Borăscu glacial landscape. This paper intends to explain some theoretical and practical aspects regarding the correct definition and identification of glacial cirques, and to provide a glacial typology that includes morphological, genetic and topographic criteria. The paper also contains a geomorphologic map (the result of a more extensive analysis) of the glacial landforms in the Doamnei River basin (with 7 glacial complexes, isolated glacial cirques, glacio-nival cirques), the periglacial landforms and the Borăscu erosion surface.Bazinul Râului Doamnei, situat pe versantul sudic al Masivului Făgăraş, este un teren adecvat de lucru pentru studiul reliefului glaciar, deoarece cuprinde cele două tipuri distincte de peisaje glaciare identificate de Emm. De Martonne încă din 1907 în Carpaţii Meridionali: peisaj glaciar de tip Făgăraş (peisaj alpin tipic) şi peisaj glaciar de tip Borăscu. Lucrarea încearcă să lămurească unele aspecte teoretice şi practice legate de definirea corectă şi identificarea circurilor şi văilor glaciare, oferind o tipologie glaciară care include criterii morfologice, genetice şi topografice. De asemenea, lucrarea cuprinde şi o hartă geomorfologică (rezultat al unei analize mai ample) a reliefului glaciar din bazinul Râului Doamnei (cu cele 7 complexe glaciare, circuri glaciare izolate, circuri glacio-nivale), alături de formele periglaciare şi suprafaţa de nivelare Borăscu.

Abstract: The present configuration of the Făgăraş Mountains is a snapshot of the long-term evolution that brought about significant alterations of the landscape, and especially of the relief, which has acquired different features depending on the intensity of the relationship between the exogenous and endogenous agents. Relief shaping in the study area is controlled by the orographic and climatic features. However, the climate of the high and middle-height mountains is the main cause that determines the mechanism, the intensity and the spatial distribution of the shaping processes. The massiveness and the considerable height of the Făgăraş Mountains, which exceed 2500 m altitude (Moldoveanu peak 2544 m, Negoiu peak 2535 m, Lespezi peak 2522 m, Vanatoarea lui Buteanu peak 2507 m, etc.), are responsible for the vertical zonation of climate and vegetation. The study area lies in the middle of the Southern Carpathians range, on the southern slope of the Făgăraş Mountains (the Arges mountain catchment). The scale of investigated phenomena and the frequency of their occurrence allow us to distinguish two types of different phenomena on the basis of their geological or geomorphological origin. Each slope section was analyzed by using a series of parameters considered as being stable from the morphodynamic point of view.