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Volume XIV |

Biourbanism – a solution for mitigation of urban climate. Case study Bucharest city

Abstract: As a living environment or biotope of the human species, urban structures must meet not only the economic, social and political rights of the people, but also their biological and neurophysiologic requirements. A new scientific approach to urban planning is biourbanism or organic urbanism, which considers the urban environment as being a hyper-complex living thing. From the scientific point of view, this approach opens the way to new scenarios for urban planning research. The aim of the study is to promote this modern concept of urban planning for Bucharest City in the context of its climate vulnerability. The objectives of our investigation are the following: analyzing the dynamic of climate conditions of the city, highlighting the weather risks for the population and devising scenarios for implementing the concept in Bucharest. The research methodology focused on the following: the discussion of conceptual framework based on specialty literature, the calculation of bioclimatic indices in order to assess the city’s vulnerability to climate conditions and the presentation of “biourban” improvement models applicable to urban fabric samples. The study reveals the vulnerability of Bucharest City in relation to the specific risks associated to the weather phenomena of the summer season (high temperatures and moisture deficit), as argument in favour of preparing implementation scenarios for biourbanism ideas.

Volume XIII |

Estimation of the Quaternary stream erosion in small drainage basins (Vâlcea sub-Carpathians and Olteţ Plateau, Romania)

Abstract: Stream erosion is a widely spread process in the Getic sub-Carpathians and Plateau (including the study sub-units). It is controlled by the high density of small drainage basins on a surface unit. Development of the 4th and 5th order valleys (according to Strahler’s system) in the sub-Carpathians and of the 3rd and 4th order in the Olteţ Plateau was also determined by the high altitude of hillslopes, up to 450 meters in the Vâlcea sub-Carpathians and to 250 meters in the Olteţ Plateau, a consequence of the strong downcutting performed by the Olt river and its main tributaries in this area (Olăneşti, Bistriţa, Cerna and Olteţ). Another control factor is the friable bedrock made of sedimentary deposits: conglomerate, gravel, sand, sandstone, marl, clay, tuffs etc. in the Vâlcea sub-Carpathians and Cândeşti strata (gravels with clayey lens of Villafranchian age) in the Olteţ Plateau.

Volume XIII |

The Mateiaș limestone quarry (Southern Carpathians): changes in spatial extent and local perception on the related environmental issues

Abstract: The various natural resources and the industrialization policies implemented during the communist regime have resulted in the opening of many mines and quarries, inclunding the Mount Mateiaș exploitation. The aim of this study is to give warning against open pit mining, which has a direct and conspicuous impact on landscape dynamics and the cultural-historical value of Mount Mateiaș. The research methodology consisted in field observations, accomplished during the period 2009-2012, the analysis of limestone quarry expansion by using GIS techniques, and the application of a semi-structured interview, the results of which were processed subsequently in QSR-Nvivo 10. The analysis and processing of cartographic materials highlighted that during the interval 1979-2012 strip mining has dramatically altered the topography (by excavation works, land leveling, access road construction, accelerated slope erosion, collapses, torrential erosion etc.). These add to other processes and phenomena that have a negative impact on the environment (soil loss, massive deforestations, air pollution with suspended particles etc.). Despite these realities, most people living in the neighborhood of Mount Mateiaș (the Valea Mare-Pravăț, Dragoslavele, Stoenești and Câmpulung communes) deem that quarrying is vital for the development of local communities. Under the circumstances, the only economically productive and ecollogically protective measure advanced by the authors is the identification of possible solutions for the restauration of the quarry, given that limestone exploitation will not end in the medium term. Last, but not least, we suggest that the results of the present investigation be included in the pre- feasibility and feasibility studies of a potential future rehabilitation.